What is the main idea of Social Darwinism?

• A. Promotion of social equality
• B. Application of evolution to society
• C. Advocacy for government intervention
• D. Focus on environmental conservation

Answer: (B)

The main idea of Social Darwinism is the application of the principles of evolution, particularly natural selection, to society and social issues. This concept emerged in the late 19th century, during the Gilded Age, and was used to justify a variety of social policies and attitudes, including competition among individuals and social groups. Proponents of Social Darwinism argued that just as species compete in the natural world, so do individuals and groups in society. This belief led to the notion that social progress resulted from the "survival of the fittest," implying that those who were successful in society were inherently superior to others.

Social Darwinism was often used to rationalize inequality and laissez-faire capitalism by suggesting that government intervention was unnecessary and even detrimental to societal progress. This perspective viewed social welfare initiatives as inappropriate, on the grounds that they interfered with the natural order of competition and success. Therefore, the concept emphasizes a framework where social issues are viewed through the lens of evolutionary theory, highlighting the interplay between human societies and the principles of natural selection.