Who organized the Grange Movement in 1868?

• A. John Deere
• B. Oliver H. Kelley
• C. William Jennings Bryan
• D. Theodore Roosevelt

Answer: (B)

The Grange Movement, formally known as the Patrons of Husbandry, was established in 1868 primarily through the efforts of Oliver H. Kelley. Kelley, an agricultural reformer and a former clerk with the United States Department of Agriculture, aimed to support farmers facing economic difficulties and to promote agricultural improvement and social interaction among rural communities. His vision was to create a network of local granges (community organizations) that would advocate for farmers' rights, offer educational opportunities, and provide a platform for collective bargaining.

The movement quickly gained popularity in the late 19th century, reflecting the needs and challenges faced by farmers, such as fluctuating prices and the dominance of railroads over freight rates. Through Kelley’s leadership, the Grange worked to advocate for legislative changes and educate its members about best farming practices, which contributed significantly to the broader Populist movement in the United States.